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invoke-webrequest:tldr:42533
This command is using the Invoke-WebRequest cmdlet in PowerShell to send an HTTP request to a specific URL (in this case, http://example.com).
The -Headers parameter is used to specify custom HTTP headers for the request. In this case, it is being used to include an Authorization header with a Basic authentication scheme.
To construct the Authorization header, the command uses the @{ } syntax to define a hashtable of headers. The key-value pair in the hashtable represents the name (Authorization) and value (Basic "+ [System.Convert]::ToBase64String([System.Text.Encoding]::ASCII.GetBytes("myusername:mypassword")) ) of the header.
The value of the Authorization header is constructed using Base64 encoding. The [System.Text.Encoding]::ASCII.GetBytes method is used to convert the string "myusername:mypassword" to ASCII byte array. Then, [System.Convert]::ToBase64String is used to convert the byte array to a Base64 encoded string.
The result is an HTTP request with the Authorization header set to "Basic