pathping:tldr:bfecf

The command "pathping ${hostname} -n" is used to diagnose network connectivity and quality issues in Windows operating systems.

• "pathping" is a command-line utility that combines the features of both "ping" (which tests the accessibility of a remote IP address) and "tracert" (which traces the route packets take to reach a destination). It provides a more detailed analysis of the network path between the source and destination.

• "${hostname}" is a placeholder indicating that you should replace it with the actual hostname or IP address of the target server or device you want to test. For example, you could replace it with "google.com" to test connectivity with the Google website.

• "-n" is an option that specifies to display numerical IP addresses in the output instead of resolving them to hostnames. This can save time since it avoids performing reverse DNS lookups.

So, when you run the command "pathping ${hostname} -n," it will perform a network trace and latency test to the specified hostname or IP address, showing detailed statistics of the network path and the response times at each hop. The "-n" option will display numerical IP addresses in the results instead of hostnames.